20090115 Grammatical TENSE and ASPECT
Grammatical tense and aspect involve in time and state of a main verb in English sentence. There are two tenses, right now(present tense) and past, which mean when the action take place. Present tense of main verbs are formed by adding -s in the end of a verb, such as in the sentence: Plane ditches in New York river. In most situation, the present -s could be removed. But we'd better imagine that there is a -s in the present tense main verbs. Past tense of verb is formed by adding an -ed in the end of a verb. (I'd like to thing the -ed means short form of end here). Regarding aspect, they are complete action which means an action have beginning and ending, and non-complete action (continue or progress) which means an action only have beginning, and non-specific aspect. here's some examples:
1.Rainbow appears. (It's right now, right here, so you and me can see that. )
2. Rainbow appeared. ( It was there yesterday, but now we can't see it.)
3. He has arrived. (He is here now. He "has" the action of arrive. )
4. He is running to here. (He is not here right now, but he is very close to here.)
5. She was running when I saw her yesterday morning.
6. He arrived when the plane had took off. ( the plane took off, then disappeared, then he came.)
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